PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.